He aha nā palapala hōʻoia huahana e koi ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā kīʻaha wai i nā ʻāina like ʻole a puni ka honua?

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua, hoʻokuʻu akuʻōmole waiua lilo i ʻoihana koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻāina he nui. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā ʻāina like ʻole nā ​​kūlana hōʻoia like ʻole no nā kīʻaha wai i lawe ʻia mai, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea koʻikoʻi e kaohi ana i ka lawe ʻana aku. No laila, ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā kīʻaha wai, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā koi hōʻoia huahana o nā ʻāina like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā kākou i ka mākeke ʻEulopa. I ʻEulopa, ʻo ka hōʻoia CE ka mea nui loa. ʻO ka hōʻoia CE he palapala koi koi ʻo EU e uhi ana i ka nui o nā huahana a koi i nā huahana e hoʻokō i nā lula a me nā kūlana EU. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau kūlana hōʻoia kūikawā ma ʻEulopa, e like me ka palapala TUV o Kelemania, ka palapala IMQ o Italia, etc.

A laila, nānā mākou i ka mākeke ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, koi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia FDA. ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia FDA he palapala hōʻoia mai ka US Food and Drug Administration, nona ka manaʻo e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā huahana i lawe ʻia me nā kūlana palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma Kanada, pono ka palapala hōʻoia Health Canada. He palapala hōʻoia ʻo Health Canada mai Health Canada, e like me ka palapala FDA. ʻO kāna kumu nui e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā huahana i lawe ʻia me nā kūlana olakino a me ka palekana o Kanada.

Ma waho aʻe o nā mākeke ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, he mea nui hoʻi ka mākeke ʻAsia. Ma Kina, koi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia CCC. ʻO ka hōʻoia CCC ka palapala koi koi a Kina, e pili ana i nā huahana a pau i lawe ʻia mai a koi i nā huahana e hoʻokō me nā kūlana palekana o Kina. Ma Iapana, pono ka palapala JIS a me ka palapala PSE. ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia JIS kahi kūlana ʻoihana Iapana a he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka mākeke Iapana, ʻoiai ʻo ka PSE hōʻoia he palapala hōʻoia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kānāwai palekana uila o Iapana.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻokoʻa nā kūlana hōʻoia no nā kīʻaha wai i lawe ʻia mai kēlā me kēia ʻāina. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina like ʻole nā ​​kūlana hōʻoia a me nā koi, e koi ana i nā mea hoʻolako e hoʻomaopopo pono a hoʻonohonoho pono ma mua o ka lawe ʻana aku. ʻO nā kīʻaha wai wale nō i kūpono i nā kūlana hōʻoia kūloko hiki ke komo i ka mākeke o ka ʻāina. No laila, pono e hoʻomaopopo nā mea hoʻolako i nā kūlana maʻamau o ka mākeke kūloko e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ʻana o kā lākou huahana a komo pono i ka mākeke kūloko.